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Barn owls can strike by hearing alone. Asymmetric ear openings give elevation; the facial disc gives azimuth. Vision still matters in starlight.

The velvet and comb are strongest in forest nocturnal hunters. Fish owls and some burrowing species are noisier — water and day hunting change the trade.

Corvids and parrots outscore owls on many lab tasks. The “wise owl” is Athena’s bird, not a working-memory ranking.

Hedwig is Bubo scandiacus, an Arctic lemming specialist. The films made a tundra bird the global pet-owl image — and briefly spiked illegal trade.

Tyto alba can lay 2–12 eggs when vole cycles peak. Nest-box programmes in UK barns track that boom-bust directly.

Ketupa blakistoni is Endangered. Riparian old growth in Hokkaido and the Russian Far East is the binding constraint.