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🏦 1MDB scandal

1MDB timeline -- 2009 fund to the 2022 Federal Court

Ten dated marks from 1MDB's creation through 2015 reporting, DOJ forfeitures, the Goldman resolutions, and Najib's upheld SRC conviction.

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Quick answers

What was 1MDB?

1Malaysia Development Berhad was a Malaysian state-owned development fund established in 2009. U.S. and Malaysian proceedings later described large diversions from the fund and related units, including SRC International.

When did the scandal become public?

Sarawak Report and the Wall Street Journal published major document-based stories in 2015. The U.S. DOJ filed civil forfeiture complaints in 2016. Those years are the public break, not the start of the underlying transfers.

What was Najib Razak convicted of?

On 28 July 2020 the High Court in Kuala Lumpur convicted him on seven SRC International counts, including abuse of power, criminal breach of trust, and money laundering. The sentence was twelve years and a fine of RM210 million. The Federal Court affirmed on 23 August 2022.

Did the United States convict Najib?

No. The U.S. case most often cited is civil forfeiture of alleged proceeds, plus criminal cases against bankers (Leissner plea; Ng conviction). Najib's recorded criminal conviction in this atlas is the Malaysian SRC judgment.

What did Goldman Sachs pay?

In 2020 Goldman announced resolutions with the United States and other governments totaling about $2.9 billion, plus arrangements to return value related to 1MDB. Tim Leissner had pleaded guilty in 2018.

Who is Jho Low?

Low Taek Jho, a Malaysian financier, is described in DOJ complaints as a central intermediary. He was not in custody in the mid-2020s public record and is treated as a fugitive in those papers.

2015Malaysia / globalconvicted

Start with this section - Timeline

2015

The atlas year is 2015, the public break. The fund is older; the judgments are later.

These entries are the ones the DOJ complaints and the SRC appeals court cite most often.

Timeline

JanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecember

Evidence timeline
2009201220132015201620182020202020222022
  1. Fund created

    The Terengganu Investment Authority becomes 1Malaysia Development Berhad, a federal development fund associated with Najib's government.

  2. Goldman bonds

    Goldman Sachs arranges large 1MDB dollar bond issues (2012-2013). Fees later become central to FCPA and Malaysian criticism.

  3. Hollywood and luxury trail

    Red Granite's The Wolf of Wall Street (2013) later appears in DOJ complaints as alleged 1MDB-derived financing -- a cultural artifact attached to a forfeiture theory.

  4. Sarawak Report and Journal

    Document-based reporting makes 1MDB a global English-language scandal, including stories about money in Najib's accounts.

  5. DOJ forfeiture complaints

    The United States files civil actions seeking to forfeit assets as proceeds of 1MDB-related theft and laundering.

  6. Leissner plea; Malaysian election

    Tim Leissner pleads guilty in the Eastern District of New York. Najib's coalition loses the general election; domestic prosecutions accelerate.

  7. Goldman resolutions

    Goldman announces about $2.9 billion in settlements with the U.S. and other authorities related to 1MDB.

  8. Najib SRC conviction

    On 28 July the High Court convicts Najib on seven SRC counts and imposes twelve years and RM210 million.

  9. Federal Court affirms

    On 23 August Malaysia's Federal Court upholds the SRC conviction and sentence.

  10. Ng conviction (Brooklyn)

    Roger Ng is convicted in the Eastern District of New York on FCPA and money-laundering charges related to the 1MDB bond work.

Claim versus timeline

Each public-record claim on this dossier sits beside the timeline chapter already on the page.

Public-record encyclopedia. Not legal advice, not a how-to, not a private file.

Claim A U.S. jury convicted Najib Razak.

Timeline beat 2009 — Fund created

Najib's recorded criminal conviction is the Malaysian SRC case (2020, affirmed 2022). U.S. actions against him in the famous file are civil forfeiture of assets, not a Manhattan guilty verdict.

Claim The Wolf of Wall Street was the fraud.

Timeline beat 2012 — Goldman bonds

The film is an alleged proceeds story in DOJ complaints. The SRC conviction is about a related Malaysian unit and specific counts in Kuala Lumpur.

Claim Goldman 'stole' $4.5 billion.

Timeline beat 2013 — Hollywood and luxury trail

DOJ diversion figures describe funds taken from 1MDB. Goldman paid about $2.9 billion in 2020 to resolve enforcement actions over the bond work and related conduct -- a different number and theory.

Claim A later pardon means he was never convicted.

Timeline beat 2015 — Sarawak Report and Journal

Clemency can alter a sentence or custody. It does not rewrite the 28 July 2020 High Court judgment out of existence.

Open aftermath myths →

Beat weight marks

Mark each timeline beat already on this dossier as supported, contested or unknown, using the public-record claims already filed here. Not a verdict.

Editorial marks on this device only. Public-record encyclopedia — not legal advice, not a how-to, not a private file.

Timeline beatSupported / Contested / Unknown
2009 — Fund created

Claim already on file: A U.S. jury convicted Najib Razak.

2012 — Goldman bonds

Claim already on file: The Wolf of Wall Street was the fraud.

2013 — Hollywood and luxury trail

Claim already on file: Goldman 'stole' $4.5 billion.

2015 — Sarawak Report and Journal

Claim already on file: A later pardon means he was never convicted.

2016 — DOJ forfeiture complaints

Claim already on file: A later pardon means he was never convicted.

2018 — Leissner plea; Malaysian election

Claim already on file: A later pardon means he was never convicted.

2020 — Goldman resolutions

Claim already on file: A later pardon means he was never convicted.

2020 — Najib SRC conviction

Claim already on file: A later pardon means he was never convicted.

2022 — Federal Court affirms

Claim already on file: A later pardon means he was never convicted.

2022 — Ng conviction (Brooklyn)

Claim already on file: A later pardon means he was never convicted.

After 2022 the live files are remaining Malaysian trials, fugitive status, and custody conditions -- not a reopening of the SRC verdict's existence.

Public-record encyclopedia. Not legal advice. Not a how-to. Graphic detail is withheld. Wars belong in a separate atlas.

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