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🪙 FTX collapse

Evidence in the FTX case -- pleas, messages, and the trial record

The FTX criminal record rests on cooperating testimony, internal messages, and bankruptcy reconstructions -- a short trial, not a missing-chain mystery.

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Quick answers

When did FTX collapse?

Withdrawals failed in the first week of November 2022 after a CoinDesk report on Alameda's balance sheet and a public spat over the FTT token. Chapter 11 petitions were filed on 11 November 2022.

What was Sam Bankman-Fried convicted of?

On 2 November 2023 a Southern District of New York jury convicted him on seven counts, including wire fraud and conspiracy to commit wire fraud on customers and lenders, and related conspiracy counts (securities, commodities, and money-laundering conspiracies as charged).

What sentence did he receive?

Judge Lewis A. Kaplan imposed 25 years on 28 March 2024, plus forfeiture set out in the judgment. He appealed. The trial-court sentence is the encyclopedia's recorded term unless an appellate court changes it.

Who cooperated?

Caroline Ellison, Gary Wang, and Nishad Singh pleaded guilty and cooperated with the U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York. Their pleas and testimony were central to the government's case.

What was Alameda Research?

A trading firm founded by Bankman-Fried before FTX and still under his control. Prosecutors and cooperators described it as the entity that used FTX customer assets. Ellison was its CEO at the collapse.

Did customers get money back?

The Delaware bankruptcy estate reported substantial recoveries and a claims process that, in later public updates, pointed toward high nominal recovery on allowed customer claims. That civil result is separate from the criminal conviction.

2022Bahamas / United Statesconvicted

Start with this section - Evidence

2022

Because three insiders pleaded guilty, the government tried the case as a corroboration exercise: documents plus cooperators plus the defendant's own testimony.

The items below are the public pillars. They state what courts received, not how to move customer assets.

Exhibits

Exhibit A

Ellison, Wang, and Singh pleas

testimony

Guilty pleas and trial testimony from the inner operating group. They supplied the government's narrative of knowledge and of Alameda's position at FTX.

Exhibit B

Internal messages

document

Signal and other messages admitted at trial about the size of Alameda's line and the November 2022 hole. The court record, not a how-to, is the source.

Exhibit C

CoinDesk balance-sheet article

report

The 2 November 2022 publication that made Alameda's asset mix a public market fact and started the run week.

Exhibit D

Ray congressional testimony

testimony

The new CEO's 2022 House testimony on record-keeping and control of assets, a bankruptcy-side document often quoted beside the indictment.

Exhibit E

Verdict form (2 Nov 2023)

judgment

Guilty on all seven counts tried. The precise list of statutes is in the judgment; popular recaps sometimes invent extra counts.

Exhibit F

March 2024 judgment

judgment

The 25-year term and forfeiture order. The appeal attacks that judgment; it does not rewrite the jury's 2023 findings by itself.

How strong is the record?

Cooperator record
90

Three guilty pleas from the operating core are unusually complete for a crypto collapse.

Jury findings
92

A unanimous verdict on all counts tried.

Bankruptcy reconstruction
80

Estate reports improved over time; early 2022 figures were rough.

Offshore entity map
65

Some affiliate and jurisdiction details remain dense in Chapter 11 papers.

The evidence problem is keeping the criminal verdict and the later customer-recovery headlines on two lines.

Public-record encyclopedia. Not legal advice. Not a how-to. Graphic detail is withheld. Wars belong in a separate atlas.

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