While Chiang's government retreated to Chongqing, the CCP expanded in north China behind Japanese lines. US observers (the Dixie Mission) saw a disciplined guerrilla party; US aid still flowed mainly to the KMT. Corruption, inflation and conscription abuse hollowed Nationalist legitimacy even before 1946's open war.
Marshall's mission failed. Soviet withdrawal from Manchuria left a scramble for Japanese weapons. Lin Biao's northeast campaigns and the 1948-49 three great campaigns ended KMT resistance on the mainland. Crossing the Yangtze in April 1949 opened Nanjing and Shanghai. The PRC was proclaimed before the last southern cities fell.
Check each criteria to confirm findings against the atlas verdict.
While Chiang's government retreated to Chongqing, the CCP expanded in north China behind Japanese lines. US observers (the Dixie Mission) saw a disciplined guerrilla party; US aid still flowed mainly to the KMT. Corruption, inflation and conscription abuse hollowed Nationalist legitimacy even before 1946's open war.
Marshall's mission failed. Soviet withdrawal from Manchuria left a scramble for Japanese weapons. Lin Biao's northeast campaigns and the 1948-49 three great campaigns ended KMT resistance on the mainland. Crossing the Yangtze in April 1949 opened Nanjing and Shanghai. The PRC was proclaimed before the last southern cities fell.
The ROC on Taiwan, US naval intervention in 1950 (after the Korean War began), and decades of martial law created a second Chinese modern story. The PRC's later Taiwan policy and the US Taiwan Relations Act (1979) are the diplomatic afterlife.
The civil war was a social revolution and a conventional war, paused by Japan and finished in 1949 with two Chinese states still claiming one sovereignty. The other great communist-state crisis in this atlas; 1949 was a founding, 1991 a collapse -- paired as bookends of a century.
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