Keep Democracy after argument pinned to 1974-05+ (Spinola vs MFA left): The junta argues. Carnation Revolution remains a 25 April 1974 (coup day; PREC to 1976 constitution) file in Lisbon and Portuguese armed forces; aftershocks in Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, not a playbook.
They could not win or end the African wars inside the Estado Novo's politics. The MFA was a captains' revolt against a war and a closed regime. The MFA was collective; Otelo planned operations; Spinola received the surrender and briefly headed the junta -- then fell out with the leftward process.
Check each criteria to confirm findings against the atlas verdict.
Keep Democracy after argument pinned to 1974-05+ (Spinola vs MFA left): The junta argues. Carnation Revolution remains a 25 April 1974 (coup day; PREC to 1976 constitution) file in Lisbon and Portuguese armed forces; aftershocks in Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, not a playbook.
They could not win or end the African wars inside the Estado Novo's politics. The MFA was a captains' revolt against a war and a closed regime. The MFA was collective; Otelo planned operations; Spinola received the surrender and briefly headed the junta -- then fell out with the leftward process.
Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique and Angola became independent in 1974-75. Angola collapsed into a long internationalised war. Hundreds of thousands of retornados came to Portugal. It opened a left-revolutionary period (PREC) and then a pluralist constitution. Reducing 25 April to one ideology misses the captains' war-weariness.
1961-74 in Lisbon and Portuguese armed forces; aftershocks in Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau: Three African fronts. A memory map, not a present overlay. 25 Apr 1974 in Lisbon and Portuguese armed forces; aftershocks in Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau: MFA, carnations, Carmo. A memory map, not a present overlay.
This explains a campaign, battle, or weapon in context. It is not a league of nations. It does not replace the full topic page.
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