Chinggis
Unification, Xia/Jin wars, Khwarezm.
Milestones in order. This is history, not a weekly activity grid.
- Chinggis titled
- Zhongdu falls
- Khwarezm war
- Goryeo campaigns begin
- Rus' cities
- Mohi and Legnica
- Baghdad
- Ain Jalut
- Yuan declared
- Japan expeditions
Darker cells mean a higher score for this topic on that metric.
Scale85
Intensity82
Duration70
Tech shift35
Political impact80
Cultural memory60
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Last reviewed Sources & creditsMedia creditsMethodology
Quick answers
Are the scores a ranking of nations or armies?
No. Scores are browsing aids inside an era-bounded atlas — not live league tables of countries.
How many died?
About 20-40 million is a commonly cited scholarly-range band across Eurasia, with very high uncertainty. Some local chronicle figures are impossible as censuses. Use ranges.
Did they "conquer the world"?
They built the largest contiguous land empire, then stopped or failed at Japan, the Mamluk Levant, and parts of Southeast Asia. Sea and desert edges mattered.
What was Baghdad 1258?
Hulagu's forces took the city and ended Abbasid caliphal rule there. Chronicle death figures are huge and disputed; the political shock is not.
How was Korea involved?
Mongol campaigns against Goryeo ran through the 1230s-50s. Later, Goryeo was forced to support Kublai's Japan expeditions of 1274 and 1281 -- a Korean tragedy inside a Japanese legend.
What is Pax Mongolica?
A later phrase for relative security on some overland routes in the mid-to-late thirteenth century. It does not cancel the conquest deaths.
1206 is a political start-date, not the first steppe war. The conquests become world-historical when they leave the steppe for cities.
Successor khanates are part of the story; a single "Mongol army" after 1260 is a teaching shortcut.
Timeline
- Chinggis titled
Steppe unification; the conquest state begins.
- Zhongdu falls
Jin capital taken; an early urban catastrophe in the Chinese record.
- Khwarezm war
Otrar to the chronicle massacres of Central Asian cities.
- Goryeo campaigns begin
Mongol armies attack Korea; a decades-long subjugation struggle opens.
- Rus' cities
Ryazan, Vladimir, Kiev -- the northeastern European shock.
- Mohi and Legnica
Hungary and Poland defeated; withdrawal follows Ogedei's death.
- Baghdad
Abbasid political end in the city; a Muslim-world memory hinge.
- Ain Jalut
Mamluks defeat a Mongol force in the Levant -- a named limit.
- Yuan declared
Kublai frames a Chinese dynasty on a conquest.
- Japan expeditions
Fleets from Korean and Chinese yards fail; typhoons enter Japanese myth.
Eras
Ogedei expansion
China continues; the western ride to Hungary; Goryeo war opens.
Mongke / Hulagu
Baghdad, the Levant, and the succession strain.
Kublai and the split
Yuan, Japan attempts, khanates drifting apart.
Khanate world
Yuan, Horde, Ilkhanids -- conquest becomes government, then fragments.
Milestones
Largest contiguous land empire
A scale fact, not a moral grade.
Baghdad 1258
A political-religious shock for the Islamic world's old centre.
Goryeo-Japan expeditions
Korea's forced naval role -- essential for this atlas's Korean readers.
Kublai's death in 1294 is a convenient end for the unified project, not the end of Mongol-descended rule.
Death totals must stay wide. Anyone offering a precise global integer is selling certainty the sources do not have.