C (honeycomb monolayer)
ChemistryGraphene is specified as C (honeycomb monolayer). Density band areal mass ~0.77 mg/m².
Darker cells mean a higher score for this topic on that metric.
Strength90
Heat resistance88
Fire performance40
Insulation18
Workability20
Circularity42
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Last reviewed Sources & creditsMedia creditsMethodology
Quick answers
Is Graphene non-combustible?
Declared reaction class in this atlas: carbon; not a building product. Assemblies still need resistance tests.
Does Graphene insulate?
Thermal mark 18/100 versus the atlas. Conductivity note: ~3000–5000 W/m·K in-plane (theory/exp bands).
What is the density band?
areal mass ~0.77 mg/m²
How is it made?
Origin story: Geim & Novoselov 2004 (Manchester).
Can it be recycled?
Circularity mark 42/100 — editorial, route-specific.
Typical melting or failure heat?
2-D stability is a lab story
heat 88 · fire 40
What holds Graphene together is not the nickname. Formula C (honeycomb monolayer), density areal mass ~0.77 mg/m².
Meters are atlas-relative. Grades are the SKUs buyers write.
Phases
Microstructure
OrderProcessing sets grain, crystallinity or fibre orientation — the reason two lots of Graphene can test differently.
Interfaces
SurfacesCoatings, oxide films, sizings or paper faces often decide weather and fire behaviour more than the bulk brochure.
Defects
FlawsInclusions, voids, knots, pinholes or residual stress start the failures that mill certificates do not list.
Grades
VariantsGraphene is a family. Grade names below are the ones buyers actually write on RFQs.
Ageing
TimeMoisture, UV, creep, hydrogen or carbonation shift properties in service. Design to the aged state.
Relative meters
Strength90
Strength is an editorial 0–100 mark relative to the other 31 materials in this atlas — not a laboratory certificate.
Heat envelope88
Heat envelope is an editorial 0–100 mark relative to the other 31 materials in this atlas — not a laboratory certificate.
Fire behaviour40
Fire behaviour is an editorial 0–100 mark relative to the other 31 materials in this atlas — not a laboratory certificate.
Insulation18
Insulation is an editorial 0–100 mark relative to the other 31 materials in this atlas — not a laboratory certificate.
Workability20
Workability is an editorial 0–100 mark relative to the other 31 materials in this atlas — not a laboratory certificate.
Circularity42
Circularity is an editorial 0–100 mark relative to the other 31 materials in this atlas — not a laboratory certificate.
Grades
Monolayer CVD
Electronics R&D.Electronics R&D.
Few-layer
Thermal films.Thermal films.
GNP platelets
Composites.Composites.
GO / rGO
Inks, membranes.Inks, membranes.
Graphene-enhanced masterbatch
Marketing-heavy.Marketing-heavy.
Bonds
Primary bonding
Graphene holds together by ionic/covalent networks.
Secondary forces
Hydrogen bonds, van der Waals stacks or grain-boundary cohesion set toughness and moisture uptake.
Composites & fills
Fillers, fibres, plasticisers or aggregates are part of the real product, not impurities.
Environment film
Oxides, chars, sizings or paints are the layer the world actually meets.
Change the grade, the coating or the moisture and you have a different material with the same English name.
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