🔩How it is made

01 Ironmaking

Blast furnace or DRI turns ore + reductant into hot metal or sponge iron.

02 Steelmaking

BOF or EAF adjusts carbon, phosphorus and alloys, then vacuum degasses if needed.

03 Casting

Continuous casters freeze slabs, blooms or billets.

04 Hot rolling

Reheat and reduce to plate, strip, sections or rod.

05 Cold mill / heat treat

Skin pass, anneal, quench-and-temper or galvanize.

06 Fabrication

Cut, weld, bolt, form — residual stress and HAZ hardness become the real spec.

BF–BOF

Primary ore route; high CO₂ unless CCS or hydrogen later.

EAF scrap

Mini-mills recycle steel with electricity; residual copper limits some grades.

DRI–EAF

Gas or hydrogen reduction plus arc furnace — the green-steel bet.

Foundry

Cast steels and irons for complex shapes that rolling cannot make.

Steel process path

Feedstock to installed product.

1. Feed — in
2. Convert — mill
3. Form — shape
4. Finish — coat
5. Install — out
6. Spec — code
7. Scrap loop — rec

Steel heat & fire

Energy in, class out.

1. Heat — in
2. Steel — mat
3. λ / char — out
4. Ignition — fire
5. Euroclass — class
6. Assembly — sys

Corrosion

Plain carbon steel rusts unless coated, alloyed or kept dry.

Fire softening

A1 does not mean “safe in a blaze”; protection is a separate layer.

Weld HAZ

High carbon equivalents crack unless preheat and hydrogen control are real.