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Tree of microbes

FFungi

A eukaryotic kingdom of yeasts, moulds and mushrooms — chitin walls, external digestion, partners of plants.

Typical size: 4 µm

Also called: Mycota · Eumycota

Mushrooms and mycelium of a fungus in leaf litter
BorgQueen · CC BY-SA 2.5
At a glance
Score intensity

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Score profile

Each bar is a 0-100 atlas score for this topic, not a timeline.

806070487228
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Benefit

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Relative scale
Timeline

Milestones in order. This is history, not a weekly activity grid.

1670s Leeuwenhoek's yeasts1670s1729 Micheli's spores17291857 Pasteur on fermentation18571928 Fleming's mould19281969 Whittaker's five kingdoms19691996 Yeast genome19962000s White-nose & bats2000s2012 Batrachochytrium crises2012
  1. Leeuwenhoek's yeasts
  2. Micheli's spores
  3. Pasteur on fermentation
  4. Fleming's mould
  5. Whittaker's five kingdoms
  6. Yeast genome
  7. White-nose & bats
  8. Batrachochytrium crises
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16 min read

Last reviewed Sources & creditsMedia creditsMethodology

Start with this section - Identity

Encounter route pick

Pick one encounter or route already written on this topic and reopen it next time.

Classroom literacy — not a lab result, diagnosis or outbreak alert.

Route on this page

One encounter scale

Choose how to read Fungi with the fact already printed.

The encounter to keep is Fermented foods.

Scale literacy. Not a lab result or a diagnosis.

Quick facts

Chitin (not cellulose, not peptidoglycan)Cell wall cue
About 3–5 µmTypical yeast size
On the order of 150,000; millions estimatedDescribed species
1996 — Saccharomyces cerevisiaeFirst eukaryotic genome
Mycorrhizae in most land-plant familiesPlant partners
Penicillin noted from Penicillium in 1928Famous medicine origin

Fungi are eukaryotes with chitin walls that digest food outside the cell. Yeasts, moulds and mushrooms are lifestyles inside one kingdom — not three unrelated pests.

They invented much of terrestrial recycling and quietly feed plants through mycorrhizae. A minority cause athlete's foot, asthma flares or hospital mycoses.

This atlas treats fungi as a tree-of-life branch. Food crafts, soil allies and pathogens sit in later human and everyday sections — never as a foraging guide.

80FamiliarityEditorial 0–100 browsing aid within this atlas.
60Medical weightEditorial 0–100 browsing aid within this atlas.
70BenefitEditorial 0–100 browsing aid within this atlas.
48RiskEditorial 0–100 browsing aid within this atlas.

Fungi — concrete atlas depth on Tool-Lifes.

Best-of microbe rankings

Fungi — concrete atlas depth on Tool-Lifes.

Local lens

Kitchen, forest, clinic

English splits mushroom, mould, yeast and fungus as if they were different kingdoms. They are one branch with different jobs.

Yeast vs mould

Bakers say yeast; damp-house English says mould. Both are fungi.

Clinic words

Ringworm is a fungus, not a worm. Thrush is a yeast overgrowth name, not a bird.

Public-health desks

English foraging culture is real — and it is how people get poisoned. Identity first, never ‘if unsure, taste’.

Read the local lens — English-speaking public health

The profile

806070487228
  • Familiarity80
  • Medical weight60
  • Benefit70
  • Risk48
  • Research72
  • Live debate28

Risk

48 / 100

A eukaryotic kingdom of yeasts, moulds and mushrooms — chitin walls, external digestion, partners of plants.

Seven ways into this topic

Related on the scale

Slide across the log scale — teaching sizes, not lab measurements.

See size scale →

Frequently asked questions

Where should I start with Fungi?
Read Identity → How they live → Body & health, then use compare rails.
Is this page advice for Fungi?
Public-health education — not a care plan, prescription, or outbreak briefing.
What does the local lens add?
It names everyday desks for Tree of microbes before English norms look universal.
Are the scores a ranking of Fungi?
No — editorial 0–100 browsing aids inside this atlas only.
How do I compare Fungi to neighbours?
Use related cards and best-of / quiz rails after the first three chapters.
Which chapter is densest?
How they live and Body & health carry mechanisms; skim Identity first.
Can I cite these scores externally?
Treat them as atlas orientation, not certificates or forecasts.
What should I check before acting?
Primary desks for Tree of microbes: public-health desks and lab teaching frames.

Sources & research

  1. Fungus2026 · Wikipedia
  2. USDA: Mycorrhizal fungi2020 · USDA Forest Service

Media credits

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