Stewardship
Hospital English: the right drug, dose, duration — decided by clinicians.
Darker cells mean a higher score for this topic on that metric.
Familiarity85
Medical weight95
Benefit15
Risk92
Research90
Live debate60
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Each bar is a 0-100 atlas score for this topic, not a timeline.
Both scores stay visible. Drag the slider to emphasize Benefit or Risk.
Benefit
Risk
Familiarity
85%
Milestones in order. This is history, not a weekly activity grid.
- Penicillin noted
- Nobel warning
- MRSA reported
- ESBL described
- NDM-1 noted
- WHO Global Action Plan
- O'Neill review
- Priority pathogens
Last reviewed Sources & creditsMedia creditsMethodology
Encounter route pick
Pick one encounter or route already written on this topic and reopen it next time.
Classroom literacy — not a lab result, diagnosis or outbreak alert.
Route on this page
One encounter scale
Scale literacy. Not a lab result or a diagnosis.
Quick facts
In his Nobel lecture Alexander Fleming warned that under-dosing penicillin would educate microbes to resist it.Fleming's 1945 warning
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was reported in 1961, soon after methicillin entered clinics (1959).MRSA 1961
In 2019 WHO listed antimicrobial resistance among the top ten global public-health threats.WHO top-ten threat
The UK Review on AMR projected up to 10 million deaths a year by 2050 if resistance were left unchecked — a scenario, not a census.O'Neill 2016 scenario
Selection happens in hospitals, livestock systems and wastewater; genes move among those compartments.Three reservoirs
Stewardship means using the right agent for the right syndrome for an appropriate duration — a clinical judgement, not leftover pills.Stewardship idea
Antibiotic resistance is selection: drugs kill or stop susceptible cells, and the remainder become the story.
Hospitals, farms and wastewater are linked classrooms. Genes ride plasmids between species; that is why stewardship is social, not only personal.
This page is not a laboratory manual for creating resistant strains. It is a public-health atlas of how a miracle class of drugs is being spent.
85FamiliarityEditorial 0–100 browsing aid within this atlas.
95Medical weightEditorial 0–100 browsing aid within this atlas.
15BenefitEditorial 0–100 browsing aid within this atlas.
92RiskEditorial 0–100 browsing aid within this atlas.
Antibiotic resistance — concrete atlas depth on Tool-Lifes.
Antibiotic resistance — concrete atlas depth on Tool-Lifes.
A societal problem
English tabloids say superbug. CDC says stewardship. Both point at the same public problem: drugs that used to work, selection that does not.
Superbug
Headline English. Useful for attention, bad as a species name.
Public-health desks
Resistance genes move in landscapes that include farms. That is ecology plus policy.
The profile
- Familiarity85
- Medical weight95
- Benefit15
- Risk92
- Research90
- Live debate60
Risk
A shared drug budget under selection in hospitals, farms and wastewater — stewardship, not a lab manual.
Seven ways into this topic
Related on the scale
Slide across the log scale — teaching sizes, not lab measurements.
Frequently asked questions
Where should I start with Antibiotic resistance?
Read Identity → How they live → Body & health, then use compare rails.
Is this page advice for Antibiotic resistance?
Public-health education — not a care plan, prescription, or outbreak briefing.
What does the local lens add?
It names everyday desks for Change & defence before English norms look universal.
Are the scores a ranking of Antibiotic resistance?
No — editorial 0–100 browsing aids inside this atlas only.
How do I compare Antibiotic resistance to neighbours?
Use related cards and best-of / quiz rails after the first three chapters.
Which chapter is densest?
How they live and Body & health carry mechanisms; skim Identity first.
Can I cite these scores externally?
Treat them as atlas orientation, not certificates or forecasts.
What should I check before acting?
Primary desks for Change & defence: public-health desks and lab teaching frames.
Sources & research
More in Change & defence
Mutation and variants
Populations of genomes, not cartoon villains — RNA viruses copy sloppily, and public-health names track clusters that spread.
Familiarity 92Vaccines and immunity
Antibodies, memory cells and community arithmetic — conceptual, not a prescription and not an anti-vaccine tract.
Familiarity 94Biofilms
Surface cities of microbes — plaque and catheters explain persistence, without a grow-your-own kit.
Familiarity 38Hygiene and balance
Clean water saves lives; missing old microbial partners is a separate, still-debated immune story.
Familiarity 70Horizontal gene transfer
Sideways DNA traffic — conjugation, transduction, transformation as names and history, not protocols.
Familiarity 45