Darker cells mean a higher score for this topic on that metric.
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Quick answers
Does this atlas rank groups by IQ, race or nation?
No. Pathways and evidence stay individual. Scores are browsing aids — never group biological or racial ranks.
What did Mueller and Dweck 1998 show?
Children praised for intelligence later avoided challenges more than children praised for effort, in their experiments. Later replications have been mixed.
What did Sisk et al. 2018 find?
Two meta-analyses: mindset–achievement correlations were small on average; interventions had small average effects, with some larger effects for students at higher risk.
What did Li and Bates report?
Failures to replicate core praise effects in their samples. The debate is about robustness and moderators, not about whether beliefs can ever matter.
Did Binet already think intelligence was educable?
Yes. Binet’s original project was instructional. Dweck often cites that history against later “fixed IQ” folklore.
Is growth mindset the opposite of giftedness?
No. Gagné’s talents develop. A gifted label plus incremental theory is a common, coherent pairing. Entity giftedness (“I am a genius, so I must not struggle”) is the failure mode.
The people below are a history set for growth mindset, diverse in country and gender, not a league table.
Years and countries are real. “Why” is a file label, not a rank. No group IQ story is licensed by any of these lives.
Exemplars
- Carol Dweck 1946– · United States
Named the public construct From helplessness studies to Mindset (2006). Still the central theorist; not immune to replication weather.
- Claudia Mueller 1960s– · United States
1998 praise experiments Co-author of the intelligence-versus-effort praise paper that schools still retell.
- Lisa Blackwell 1960s– · United States
2007 school study Junior-high incremental intervention still in every slide deck.
- David Yeager 1980s– · United States
Scaled trials National Study and later work: small averages, larger for some, climate matters.
- Victoria Sisk 1980s– · United States
2018 meta-analyses With Burgoyne, Macnamara and others, put a small number on a large brand.
- Yue Li & Timothy Bates 2010s · United Kingdom
Replication reports Failed to recover key praise effects in their samples — now part of the honest syllabus.
- Alfred Binet 1857–1911 · France
Educable intelligence Dweck’s historical ally: the test was for teaching, not a finished essence.
- Lev Vygotsky 1896–1934 · Soviet Union
Assisted growth A deeper developmental mechanism than a poster: what changes with help.
Growth mindset: eight lives, not a ranking. Read them as files, not as a hierarchy of peoples.
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